This busy center is the principal town in the Maremma. Its major
activities are in agriculture, services and tourism. The last has
continued to grow in the past years, as it has throughout the rest of
the province.
The city of Grosseto is situated in the Ombrone plain and is composed of an old
center enclosed within huge hexagonal ramparts, and a much larger modern
area with a regular plan.
A well equipped airport for charter flights has been built in the
vicinity.
Originally there was a marine gulf nearby, but over the course of
centuries it became a lagoon filled with marshes and cane thickets.
The towns from the Etruscan period such as Vetulonia and Roselle
demonstrate the prosperity of the zone, a prosperity that continued
under the Roman Empire.
The city of Grosseto began to expand about 935, after the
devastation Roselle experienced at the hands of the Saracens, and became civitas in 1138 when Innocent II transferred the episcopal seat there.
From the 11th century Grosseto was a feud of the Aldobrandeschi family, then
passed under Sienese dominion, then fell under Cosimo de’ Medici in
1559. The noble Florentine family encouraged Grosseto’s economic recovery by
excavating canals for land reclamation, constructing the city walls and
buildings of public utility.
Later in 1765 under the Grand dukes of Lorraine, the feudal privileges
that inhibited economic growth of Grosseto were abolished and further work of land
reclamation was begun.
Grosseto flourished again once and for all with
Leopold II (1828) and his impressive reclamation project.
This was made
possible by hydraulic engineers such as Giorgine, Fossombroni and
Manetti who turned the Maremma into a lush and fertile land.
The work, which was completed with the agriculture reform of the early
1950s, encouraged a more specialized form of agriculture which could
exploit local products such as wine, oil and cheese. These are the
products which are most appreciated today.
Tourism as well has benefited from an unspoiled natural environment,
both along the coast and in the interior: the ecosystem sea-pine forest,
Maremma Nature Park and hills. In addition, there are opportunities for
“intelligent tourism” with itineraries for every season of the year that
are of unquestionable natural beauty and historical-cultural value.
These are also made possible through artistic, cultural and folk
tradition initiatives.
The zone around Grosseto abounds in historic and artistic monuments such
as the archeological area at Roselle. This is one of the principal
twelve Etruscan poleis and is explained clearly with panels written in
four languages. It was famous for its commerce and the terracotta
produced in its workshops. It is a rare example remaining of Etruscan
fortification.
The small town of Montepescali, perched on top of a hill and circled by
Medieval wall, is known for its 14th century buildings and breath-taking
view. Batignano with its city wall and keep and the picturesque town of
Istia d’Ombrone are both interesting.
Marina di Grosseto is a modern seaside resort along a large beach backed
by a magnificent pine forest.
Alberese is the home of the Butteri (Cowboys) and the Maremma Regional
Park. The Mediterranean scrub and animals living in complete freedom mix
with the remains of prehistoric villages, Etruscan and Medieval towns
(including the extremely interesting San Rabano Abbey). They blend so
perfectly that it is often hard to tell which work of art was created by
nature and which by man.